BMJ 2013;346:f2065 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2065 (Published 28 March 2013) Page 1 of 6

CORRECTIONS

Cost effectiveness of telehealth for patients with long term conditions (Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study): nested economic evaluation in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial

The authors of this paper, Catherine Henderson and colleagues, have told us of some transcription errors they made in the tables (BMJ 2013;346:f1035, doi:10.1136/bmj.f1035). In table 1⇓ the raw differences for use of “GP (home)”, “GP (surgery)”, and “GP (telephone)” services are incorrect. In table 5⇓ there are errors in the QALY value for the primary outcome in the

telehealth group; the ICER for CESD-10; and the footnote text. There are also errors scattered throughout table 4⇓. The three corrected tables are here.

Cite this as: BMJ 2013;346:f2065

© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2013

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BMJ 2013;346:f2065 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2065 (Published 28 March 2013) Page 2 of 6

CORRECTIONS

Tables

Table 1| [CORRECTED VERSION] Self reported service use (contacts) and unit costs to be applied, across treatment groups at 12 month follow-up

Mean (SE) contacts*

Between group difference

Standardised

Service use item

Hospital use

Usual care (n=431) Telehealth (n=538)

Raw (£)

(%)†

Unit cost (£)

Unit

Emergency department
0.38 (0.07)
0.23 (0.04)
−0.15‡
−13.7
103.00-133.00
Per attendance26

Inpatient bed days

Day hospital and other day attendances
1.23 (0.24)
0.51 (0.12)
0.98 (0.22)
0.39 (0.1)
−0.25
−0.13
−5.0
−5.4
116.00-1657.00 Per day26
156.00-1496.00 Per attendance26

Outpatient attendances
1.26 (0.13)
1.07 (0.08)
−0.18
−8.3
23.00-306.00
Per attendance26

Community health services/primary care

Paramedic



Community matron (visit) Community matron (telephone) Community or district nurse

(visit)
Community or district nurse




(telephone) Practice nurse Night nurse Specialist nurse

Physiotherapist or occupational therapist






GP (home) GP (surgery) GP (telephone) Dentist Chiropodist Optician

Community mental health

Psychiatrist



Mental health nurse Community care services Social worker

Day and evening care/help at home

Paid night carer

Meals on wheels

Major and minor adaptations

Equipment (such as mobility, ADL)

Care home respite

Days

Day services

Day care and other day attendances

Drug treatment

No of drugs
0.18 (0.04)
0.76 (0.15)
0.2 (0.04)
0.73 (0.26)
0.14 (0.06)
1.5 (0.15)
0
0.69 (0.1)
0.7 (0.3)
0.37 (0.07)
1.69 (0.09)
0.52 (0.07)
0.42 (0.06)
0.61 (0.13)
0.48 (0.09)
0.02 (0.01)
0.02 (0.01)
0.35 (0.23)
6.36 (1.4)
0.19 (0.11)
0.45 (0.26)
0.07 (0.02)
0.17 (0.04)
0.02 (0.02)
0.59 (0.18)
8.57 (0.23)
0.13 (0.02)
0.7 (0.14)
0.38 (0.1)
1.26 (0.74)
0.24 (0.07)
1.26 (0.11)
0.01 (0.01)
0.64 (0.08)
0.29 (0.08)
0.23 (0.07)
1.7 (0.1)
0.42 (0.04)
0.45 (0.05)
0.6 (0.11)
0.37 (0.04)
0.02 (0.01)
0.03 (0.02)
0.16 (0.05)
4.98 (1.5)
0.4 (0.24)
0.65 (0.46)
0.08 (0.02)
0.19 (0.03)
0.03 (0.03)
0.44 (0.16)
8.64 (0.2)
−0.05
−0.06
0.18
0.53
0.10
−0.24
0.01
−0.05
−0.41
−0.13
0.01
−0.10
0.03
−0.01
−0.11
−0.00
0.01
−0.19
−1.38
0.21
0.20
0.01
0.02
0.00
−0.15
0.07
−8.0
−1.9
10.4
4.2
6.8
−9.3
6.1
−2.6
−10.9
−11.1
0.7
−10.6
3.2
−0.4
−8.4
−0.2
3.6
−6.0
−4.3
4.9
2.3
3.5
2.2
0.5
−4.1
1.7
192.00
1.31, 38.00
1.28
1.13, 24.00
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.95-1.31
0.65
4.00, 94.00
2.40, 28.00
17.00
86.85
35.37
20.26
4.72
0.83
0.92
0.42
0.50
5.00
1.50-455
0.20-97.5
63.72-70.57
36.00-155.82
Various
Per visit24
Per minute, per visit24
Per minute24
Per minute,24 per visit24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute,24 per visit
Per minute, per visit24
Per consultation24
Contact26
Contact26
Per eye test27
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per minute24
Per meal24
Per adaptation24
Per item24,28,29
Per day24
Per attendance24,26 ,30, 31
Various32

£1=€1.14; $1.49. Unit costs were applied to the last three months before 12 month follow-up.
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BMJ 2013;346:f2065 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2065 (Published 28 March 2013) Page 3 of 6

CORRECTIONS

Table 1 (continued)

Mean (SE) contacts*

Between group difference

Standardised

Service use item

Usual care (n=431) Telehealth (n=538)

Raw (£)

(%)†

Unit cost (£)

Unit

SE=standard error; ADL=activities of daily living.
*Mean contacts for all participants who completed the questionnaire within each treatment group.
†Standardised difference=difference between group means divided by standard deviation of the total sample.
‡P<0.05, t test.


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BMJ 2013;346:f2065 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2065 (Published 28 March 2013) Page 4 of 6

CORRECTIONS

Table 5| [CORRECTED VERSION] Differences in costs* and effect between treatment groups at 12 month follow-up, from net benefit analyses. Data are mean (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise stated

Primary outcome

Usual care (n=431)

Telehealth (n=534)

Between group difference or ICER (95% CI)

QALY (raw mean difference)† Cost (£; raw mean difference)† QALY (adjusted mean difference)§‡ Cost (£; adjusted mean difference)§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶


Costs excluding project management costs (£) Raw mean difference†


Adjusted mean difference§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶

Sensitivity analyses

Equipment prices reduced by 50% Cost (£; adjusted mean difference)§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶



Equipment prices reduced by 80% Cost (£; adjusted mean difference)§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶
Operating at increased capacity


Cost (£; adjusted mean difference)§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶
0.549 (0.52 to 0.577)
5559 (4752 to 6366)
—
5401 (4498 to 6305)
—
5555 (4748 to 6362)
5395 (4492 to 6297)
—
5395 (4492 to 6298)
—
5391 (4488 to 6295)
—
5395 (4491 to 6299)
—
0.560 (0.535 to 0.585)
6384 (5688 to 7081)
—
6511 (5905 to 7116)
—
6193 (5491 to 6895)
6322 (5712 to 6933)
—
6174 (5566 to 6782)
—
5972 (5362 to 6582)
—
6034 (5430 to 6638)
—
0.012 (−0.026 to 0.049)
826 (−689 to 2340)
0.012
1110 (−1 to 2220)
92 000 (0 to undefined)
637 (−427 to 1702)
928 (−184 to 2040)
79 000 (undefined)
779 (−333 to 1890)
68 000 (undefined)
580 (−532 to 1693)
52 000 (undefined)
639 (−471 to 1749)
57 000 (undefined)

Operating at increased capacity and equipment prices reduced by 50%


Cost (£; adjusted mean difference)§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶
5389 (4486 to 6293)
—
5697 (5090 to 6304)
—
308 (−803 to 1419)
31 000 (undefined)


Operating at increased capacity and equipment prices reduced by 80%


Cost (£; adjusted mean difference)§ ICER (£ per QALY)§¶

Secondary outcomes

ICECAP-O



Raw mean difference† Adjusted mean difference§‡ ICER (£)§¶

Brief STAI



Raw mean difference† Adjusted mean difference§‡** ICER (£)§¶
CESD-10



Raw mean difference† Adjusted mean difference§‡†† ICER (£)§¶
5386 (4482 to 6289)
—
0.751 (0.734 to 0.768)
—
—
11.495 (11.093 to 11.896)
—
—
10.506 (9.882 to 11.13)
—
—
5495 (4886 to 6104)
—
0.766 (0.75 to 0.781)
—
—
10.694 (10.347 to 11.04)
—
—
9.725 (9.17 to 10.281)
—
—
109 (−1002 to 1221)
12 000 (undefined)
0.014 (−0.011 to 0.031)
0.012
98 000 (8000 to undefined)
−0.801 (−1.327 to −0.275)
−0.762
27 000 (1000 to 86 000)
−0.781 (−1.613 to 0.052)
−0.639
9000 (0 to 160 000)

£1=€1.14; $1.49.
*Annual equivalent costs.
†Cases for which costs data at baseline were available.
‡Derived from slope of net monetary benefit line.
§From net benefit analyses, data adjusted for baseline costs, baseline outcome, site, demographic covariates (age, sex, ethnicity, IMD, number of chronic conditions, index condition).
¶Rounded to nearest 1000.

**Retransformed to original scale to enable comparison with raw mean difference; transformed mean=0.042.
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BMJ 2013;346:f2065 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2065 (Published 28 March 2013) Page 5 of 6

CORRECTIONS

Table 5 (continued)

Usual care (n=431)

Telehealth (n=534)

Between group difference

or ICER (95% CI)

††Retransformed to original scale to enable comparison with raw mean difference; transformed mean=0.128.


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BMJ 2013;346:f2065 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2065 (Published 28 March 2013) Page 6 of 6

CORRECTIONS

Table 4| [CORRECTED VERSION] Baseline characteristics of participants with available baseline economic data, at baseline and 12 month follow-up

Age (years)
70.6 (11.8) 70.1 (11.8)
−0.46
−4.0

70.1 (11.66)
70.0 (10.71)

−0.12
−1.1
71.3 (11.93)
70.5 (13.48)
−0.78
−6.1
Women (%)
40 (n=290) 41 (n=347)
1.4
2.9

37.6 (n=162)
41.6 (n=222)
3.9
8.1
43 (n=128) 41 (n=124)
−2.0
−4.1

IMD (score)§¶
28.6 (13.8)
27.7 (15)
−0.87
−6.0
27.7 (13.65)
26.1 (14.3)
−1.60
−12.0
29.8 (13.91)
30.6 (15.75)
0.72
4.9

Group 1 (%)§

Group 2 (%)§
17.9 (n=130)
22.7 (n=165)
25.6 (n=215)
16.8 (n=141)
7.7‡
−5.8‡
18.4
−14.7
18.9 (n=81)
24.5 (n=106)
28.2 (n=151)
17.6 (n=94)
9.1‡
−6.8‡
21.9
−16.9
16.5 (n=49) 21.2 (n=64)
19.9 (n=59) 15.2 (n=46)
4.7
−4.6
12.0
−12.2

Group 3 (%)§
17 (n=124)
18.4 (n=155)
1.4
3.7
18.4 (n=79) 19 (n=101)
0.6
1.5
15.2 (n=45) 17.5 (n=53)
2.4
6.5

Group 4 (%)§
23.1 (n=168)
19.5 (n=164)
−3.7
−8.8
20.2 (n=87)
20.4 (n=109)
0.1
0.5
27.3 (n=81) 17.9 (n=54)
−9.4‡
−22.5

Group 5 (%)§**
19.4 (n=141)
19.7 (n=166)
0.4
0.9
18.1 (n=78) 14.8 (n=79)
−3.3
−8.9
21.2 (n=63) 28.1 (n=85)
6.9†
16.1

Index condition (%)
COPD

33.5 (n=244)
39.7 (n=334)
6.1†
12.8
32.5 (n=140)
43.4 (n=232)
11.1‡
22.5
35 (n=104) 32.8 (n=99)
−2.2
−4.7
Heart failure


Diabetes†† No of

comorbidities

Baseline costs (£)

WSD site (%) Site 1

Site 2


Site 3‡‡ White British

ethnicity (%)§
37.8 (n=275)
28.7 (n=209)
2 (1.9)
1276 (1628)
32.1 (n=234)
38.9 (n=283)
29 (n=211)
86.3 (n=628)
31.3 (n=263)
29 (n=244)
1.8 (1.8)
1244 (1687)
30.4 (n=256)
40.7 (n=342)
28.9 (n=243)
86.9 (n=731)
−6.5‡
−0.3
−0.18
−32
−1.7
1.8
−0.2
0.6
−13.7
0.7
−9.7
−1.9
−1.9
2.0
−0.2
1.7
40.6 (n=175)
26.9 (n=116)
2 (1.9)
1096 (1408)
30.6 (n=132)
42.7 (n=184)
26.7 (n=115)
87.5 (n=377)
33.1 (n=177)
23.4 (n=125)
1.8 (1.8)
1172 (1620)
32.6 (n=174)
44.2 (n=236)
23.2 (n=124)
89.5 (n=478)
−7.8†
−3.4
−0.22
92
1.8
1.3
−3.1
2.0
−15.5
−8.1
−12.0
5.0
4.2
3.0
-8.0
6.4
33.7 (n=100)
31.3 (n=93)
2.1 (1.8)
1536 (1875)
34.3 (n=102)
33.3 (n=99)
32.3 (n=96)
84.5 (n=251)
28.5 (n=86)
38.7 (n=117)
2 (1.8)
1341 (1751)
26.8 (n=81)
34.8 (n=105)
38.4 (n=116)
82.9 (n=250)
−5.2
7.4
−0.09
−195
−7.5†
1.4
6.1
−1.6
−11.2
15.6
−4.9
−10.7
−16.3
3.0
12.7
−4.3
£1=€1.14; $1.49. Data are mean (standard deviation) or proportion (%) and no of patients.
UC=usual care; TH=telehealth; Stand=standardised difference; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
*Standardised difference=difference between group means divided by standard deviation of the total sample.
†P<0.05 on z test of proportions.
‡P<0.01 on z test of proportions.
§Imputed data.
¶Difference between means of TH group sample at baseline and 12 month follow-up: P<0.05, t=2.09 (unpaired t test).
**Difference between proportions of patients in TH group at baseline and 12 month follow-up: z=2.34, P<0.05.
††Difference between proportions of patients in TH group at baseline and 12 month follow-up: z=2.29, P<0.05.
‡‡Difference between proportions of patients in TH group at baseline and 12 month follow-up: z=2.32, P<0.05.


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