Page 12 Effect of telehealth on quality of life and psychological out comes over 12 months
P. 12
BMJ 2013;346:f653 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f653 (Published 26 February 2013) Page 12 of 20
RESEARCH
Tables
Table 1| Sample characteristics at baseline. Data are no (%) unless stated otherwise
WSD telehealth trial (parent WSD telehealth questionnaire study (nested study)
trial) Baseline cohort Available case cohort Complete case cohort
TH UC TH UC TH UC TH UC
(n=1605; (n=1625; Total (n=845; (n=728; Total (n=670; (n=531; Total (n=431; (n=328; Total
49.7%) 50.3%) (n=3230) 53.7%) 46.3%) (n=1573) 55.8%) 44.2%) (n=1201) 56.8%) 43.2%) (n=759)
WSD site
Cornwall 566 625 1191 256 234 490 221 168 389 149 107 256
(35.3) (38.5) (36.9) (30.3) (32.1) (31.2) (33.0) (31.6) (32.4) (34.6) (32.6) (33.7)
Kent 583 595 1178 343 283 626 285 216 501 202 153 355
(36.3) (36.6) (36.5) (40.6) (38.9) (39.8) (42.5) (40.7) (41.7) (46.9) (46.6) (46.8)
Newham 456 405 861 246 211 457 164 147 311 80 (18.6) 68 (20.7) 148
(28.4) (24.9) (26.7) (29.1) (29.0) (29.1) (24.5) (27.7) (25.9) (19.5)
Sex
Female 664 658 1322 350 290 640 271 207 478 171 124 295
(41.4) (40.5) (40.9) (41.4) (39.8) (40.7) (40.4) (39.0) (39.8) (39.7) (37.8) (38.9)
Male 941 967 1908 495 438 933 399 324 723 260 204 464
(58.6) (59.5) (59.1) (58.6) (60.2) (59.3) (59.6) (61.0) (60.2) (60.3) (62.2) (61.1)
Ethnicity*
Non-white 187 180 367 111.5 99.9 211.4 75 (11.2) 68 (12.8) 143 30 (7.0) 23 (7.0) 53 (7.0)
(11.7)† (11.1)† (11.4)† (13.2)* (13.7)* (13.4)* (11.9)
White 1251 1264 2515 733.5 628.1 1361.6 595 463 1058 401 305 706
(77.9)† (77.8)† (77.9)† (86.8)* (86.3)* (86.6)* (88.8) (87.2) (88.1) (93.0) (93.0) (93.0)
Data missing 167 181 348 — — — — — — — — —
(10.4)† (11.1)† (10.8)†
Long term condition diagnoses‡
COPD 902 962 1864 416 327 743 339 237 576 238 158 396
(56.2) (59.2) (57.7) (49.2) (44.9) (47.2) (50.6) (44.6) (48.0) (55.2) (48.2) (52.2)
Diabetes 570 485 1055 339 283 622 243 205 448 128 108 236
(35.5) (29.8) (32.7) (40.1) (38.9) (39.5) (36.3) (38.6) (37.3) (29.7) (32.9) (31.1)
Heart failure 566 581 1147 336 327 663 284 248 532 178 162 340
(35.3) (35.8) (35.5) (39.8) (44.9) (42.1) (42.4) (46.7) (44.3) (41.3) (49.4) (44.8)
Other (mean (SD))
Age (years) 69.68 70.80 70.24 70.11 70.61 70.34 70.14 70.46 70.28 70.61 71.21 70.87
(11.55) (11.64) (11.61) (11.81) (11.78) (11.79) (10.98) (11.61) (11.26) (9.72) (11.00) (10.29)
Deprivation 28.34 27.93 28.13 27.71 28.55 28.10 26.15 28.10 27.01 24.44 25.76 25.01
(IMD)* (14.82)† (13.53)† (14.18)† (15.01)* (13.79)* (14.46)* (14.24)* (13.77)* (14.07)* (13.62)* (12.96)* (13.35)*
No of 1.75 1.80 1.77 1.84 2.02 1.92 1.85 2.00 1.92 1.72 1.93 1.81
comorbidities (1.79) (1.82) (1.81) (1.80) (1.86) (1.83) (1.78) (1.88) (1.83) (1.76) (1.84) (1.80)
No of TH 2.68 0.04 1.35 2.77 0.07 1.52 2.74 0.07 1.56 2.69 0.04 1.54
devices (0.70) (0.36) (1.43) (0.68) (0.49) (1.47) (0.69) (0.47) (1.46) (0.65) (0.32) (1.42)
TH=telehealth; UC=usual care; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IMD=index of multiple deprivation score; available case cohort=includes baseline
assessments and short term or long term assessment; complete case cohort=includes assessments at all three time points (baseline, four months (short term),
12 months (long term)).
*Participants (≤12) had missing data for ethnicity or deprivation in some cohorts of the questionnaire study. Missing values were multiply imputed (m=10), and the
values reported are imputed averages.
†The parent trial cohort had more participants than the questionnaire study cohort with missing data for ethnicity (n=348) and deprivation (n=12). These missing
values were not imputed; instead, missing values are reported explicitly for ethnicity, while for deprivation we reported the means (and standard deviations) based
on 3218 (99.6%) participants with data available. All other values are based on complete (non-imputed) data.
‡Participants could have had more than one diagnosis; therefore, the percentages do not add up to 100%.
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RESEARCH
Tables
Table 1| Sample characteristics at baseline. Data are no (%) unless stated otherwise
WSD telehealth trial (parent WSD telehealth questionnaire study (nested study)
trial) Baseline cohort Available case cohort Complete case cohort
TH UC TH UC TH UC TH UC
(n=1605; (n=1625; Total (n=845; (n=728; Total (n=670; (n=531; Total (n=431; (n=328; Total
49.7%) 50.3%) (n=3230) 53.7%) 46.3%) (n=1573) 55.8%) 44.2%) (n=1201) 56.8%) 43.2%) (n=759)
WSD site
Cornwall 566 625 1191 256 234 490 221 168 389 149 107 256
(35.3) (38.5) (36.9) (30.3) (32.1) (31.2) (33.0) (31.6) (32.4) (34.6) (32.6) (33.7)
Kent 583 595 1178 343 283 626 285 216 501 202 153 355
(36.3) (36.6) (36.5) (40.6) (38.9) (39.8) (42.5) (40.7) (41.7) (46.9) (46.6) (46.8)
Newham 456 405 861 246 211 457 164 147 311 80 (18.6) 68 (20.7) 148
(28.4) (24.9) (26.7) (29.1) (29.0) (29.1) (24.5) (27.7) (25.9) (19.5)
Sex
Female 664 658 1322 350 290 640 271 207 478 171 124 295
(41.4) (40.5) (40.9) (41.4) (39.8) (40.7) (40.4) (39.0) (39.8) (39.7) (37.8) (38.9)
Male 941 967 1908 495 438 933 399 324 723 260 204 464
(58.6) (59.5) (59.1) (58.6) (60.2) (59.3) (59.6) (61.0) (60.2) (60.3) (62.2) (61.1)
Ethnicity*
Non-white 187 180 367 111.5 99.9 211.4 75 (11.2) 68 (12.8) 143 30 (7.0) 23 (7.0) 53 (7.0)
(11.7)† (11.1)† (11.4)† (13.2)* (13.7)* (13.4)* (11.9)
White 1251 1264 2515 733.5 628.1 1361.6 595 463 1058 401 305 706
(77.9)† (77.8)† (77.9)† (86.8)* (86.3)* (86.6)* (88.8) (87.2) (88.1) (93.0) (93.0) (93.0)
Data missing 167 181 348 — — — — — — — — —
(10.4)† (11.1)† (10.8)†
Long term condition diagnoses‡
COPD 902 962 1864 416 327 743 339 237 576 238 158 396
(56.2) (59.2) (57.7) (49.2) (44.9) (47.2) (50.6) (44.6) (48.0) (55.2) (48.2) (52.2)
Diabetes 570 485 1055 339 283 622 243 205 448 128 108 236
(35.5) (29.8) (32.7) (40.1) (38.9) (39.5) (36.3) (38.6) (37.3) (29.7) (32.9) (31.1)
Heart failure 566 581 1147 336 327 663 284 248 532 178 162 340
(35.3) (35.8) (35.5) (39.8) (44.9) (42.1) (42.4) (46.7) (44.3) (41.3) (49.4) (44.8)
Other (mean (SD))
Age (years) 69.68 70.80 70.24 70.11 70.61 70.34 70.14 70.46 70.28 70.61 71.21 70.87
(11.55) (11.64) (11.61) (11.81) (11.78) (11.79) (10.98) (11.61) (11.26) (9.72) (11.00) (10.29)
Deprivation 28.34 27.93 28.13 27.71 28.55 28.10 26.15 28.10 27.01 24.44 25.76 25.01
(IMD)* (14.82)† (13.53)† (14.18)† (15.01)* (13.79)* (14.46)* (14.24)* (13.77)* (14.07)* (13.62)* (12.96)* (13.35)*
No of 1.75 1.80 1.77 1.84 2.02 1.92 1.85 2.00 1.92 1.72 1.93 1.81
comorbidities (1.79) (1.82) (1.81) (1.80) (1.86) (1.83) (1.78) (1.88) (1.83) (1.76) (1.84) (1.80)
No of TH 2.68 0.04 1.35 2.77 0.07 1.52 2.74 0.07 1.56 2.69 0.04 1.54
devices (0.70) (0.36) (1.43) (0.68) (0.49) (1.47) (0.69) (0.47) (1.46) (0.65) (0.32) (1.42)
TH=telehealth; UC=usual care; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IMD=index of multiple deprivation score; available case cohort=includes baseline
assessments and short term or long term assessment; complete case cohort=includes assessments at all three time points (baseline, four months (short term),
12 months (long term)).
*Participants (≤12) had missing data for ethnicity or deprivation in some cohorts of the questionnaire study. Missing values were multiply imputed (m=10), and the
values reported are imputed averages.
†The parent trial cohort had more participants than the questionnaire study cohort with missing data for ethnicity (n=348) and deprivation (n=12). These missing
values were not imputed; instead, missing values are reported explicitly for ethnicity, while for deprivation we reported the means (and standard deviations) based
on 3218 (99.6%) participants with data available. All other values are based on complete (non-imputed) data.
‡Participants could have had more than one diagnosis; therefore, the percentages do not add up to 100%.
No commercial reuse: See rights and reprints http://www.bmj.com/permissions Subscribe: http://www.bmj.com/subscribe
